High temperature fuel cell research and development. Final technical status report, 1 March 1979-31 March 1980. [Molten carbonate fuel cells]

Technical Report · Thu May 01 00:00:00 EDT 1980

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/5187649· OSTI ID:5187649

Lessing, P A

The objective of the program has been to evaluate potential materials for their chemical and physical stability in molten carbonate fuel cell electrolyte. Eleven powdered candidate materials were selected based on previous physical and chemical stability tests at elevated temperatures on solid materials and/or their thermodynamic stability with respect to proposed degradation reactions. The eleven candidate materials, plus gamma lithium aluminate, were characterized prior to corrosion testing utilizing (a) Chemical Analysis, (b) X-ray Diffraction for Phase Identification, (c) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and (d) Surface Area Analysis (B.E.T.). The powders were corrosion tested initially for 200 hours by heating to 700/sup 0/C in a mixture of 62% Li/sub 2/CO/sub 3/-38% K/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ under a fuel gas atmosphere. The gas composition was based on reformed Naphtha at 700/sup 0/C and consisted of 50.2% H/sub 2/, 10.8% CO, 9.5% CO/sub 2/, and 29.5% H/sub 2/O. The samples were tested in an inert container made by coating the interior of alumina crucibles with a layer of 0.002-inch gold. Seven of the original test materials (Al rich MgAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/, Mg rich MgAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/, Al/sub 2/(/sub 1-x/)Cr/sub 2x/O/sub 3/, CaZrO/sub 3/, MgTa/sub 2/O/sub 6/, CoAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/, and MgZrO/sub 3/) were eliminated from further testing after completion of the 200-hour test. The remaining materials (ZrO/sub 2/ stabilized with CaO, ZrO/sub 2/ stabilized with Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ . Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, ..gamma..-LiAlO/sub 2/, ThO/sub 2/, and CeO/sub 2/ as a potential substitute for ThO/sub 2/) were corrosion tested for 1000 hours under the same conditions as the previous 200-hour test. Results are presented and discussed. Powders of ZrO/sub 2/ stabilized with Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/, ThO/sub 2/, and ..gamma..-LiAlO/sub 2/ show the most corrosion resistance to 62% Li/sub 2/CO/sub 3/-38% K/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ at 700/sup 0/C under a reformed Naphtha fuel gas atmosphere for 1000 hours. (WHK)

• Research Organization: Montana Energy and MHD Research and Development Inst., Inc., Butte (USA)
• DOE Contract Number: AC03-77ET11320
• OSTI ID: 5187649
• Report Number(s): DOE/ET/11320-T1
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
CERAMICS
MATERIALS TESTING
MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS
MATRIX MATERIALS
ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
ALUMINATES
ALUMINIUM OXIDES
CALCIUM OXIDES
CERIUM OXIDES
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHROMIUM OXIDES
COBALT OXIDES
COMPATIBILITY
CORROSION
CORROSION RESISTANCE
DATA
FIBERS
FUEL GAS
HIGH TEMPERATURE
LITHIUM CARBONATES
LITHIUM COMPOUNDS
MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS
MICROSTRUCTURE
MORPHOLOGY
PARTICLE SIZE
POTASSIUM CARBONATES
POWDERS
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
TABLES
TANTALUM OXIDES
THORIUM OXIDES
X-RAY DIFFRACTION
YTTRIUM OXIDES
ZIRCONIUM OXIDES
ACTINIDE COMPOUNDS
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS
ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBONATES
CERIUM COMPOUNDS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS
COBALT COMPOUNDS
COHERENT SCATTERING
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
DATA FORMS
DIFFRACTION
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERTERS
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
FLUIDS
FUEL CELLS
FUELS
GAS FUELS
GASES
HIGH-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS
INFORMATION
MATERIALS
MICROSCOPY
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS
RARE EARTH COMPOUNDS
SCATTERING
SIZE
SPECTROSCOPY
TANTALUM COMPOUNDS
TESTING
THORIUM COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
YTTRIUM COMPOUNDS
ZIRCONIUM COMPOUNDS
300503* - Fuel Cells- Materials
Components
& Auxiliaries
360205 - Ceramics
Cermets
& Refractories- Corrosion & Erosion
360204 - Ceramics
Cermets
& Refractories- Physical Properties