The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing

Sames, William J.; List, III, Frederick Alyious; Pannala, Sreekanth; Dehoff, Ryan R.; Babu, Sudarsanam Suresh

doi:10.1080/09506608.2015.1116649

Title: The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing

Abstract

Here, additive Manufacturing (AM), widely known as 3D printing, is a method of manufacturing that forms parts from powder, wire, or sheets in a process that proceeds layer-by-layer.Many techniques (using many different names) have been developed to accomplish this via melting or solid - state joining. In this review, these techniques for producing metal parts are explored, with a focus on the science of metal AM: processing defects, heat transfer, solidification, solid- state precipitation, mechanical properties, and post-processing metallurgy. The various metal AM techniques are compared, with analysis of the strengths and limitations of each. Few alloys have been developed for commercial production, but recent development efforts are presented as a path for the ongoing development of new materials for AM processes.

Authors:

Sames, William J. ^[1]; List, III, Frederick Alyious ^[2]; Pannala, Sreekanth ^[2]; Dehoff, Ryan R. ^[2]; Babu, Sudarsanam Suresh ^[3]

Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Mar 07 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Manufacturing Demonstration Facility (MDF)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1267051

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: International Materials Reviews

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 61; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 0950-6608

Publisher:: Taylor & Francis

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Sames, William J., List, III, Frederick Alyious, Pannala, Sreekanth, Dehoff, Ryan R., and Babu, Sudarsanam Suresh. The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1080/09506608.2015.1116649.

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                    Sames, William J., List, III, Frederick Alyious, Pannala, Sreekanth, Dehoff, Ryan R., & Babu, Sudarsanam Suresh. The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2015.1116649

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                    Sames, William J., List, III, Frederick Alyious, Pannala, Sreekanth, Dehoff, Ryan R., and Babu, Sudarsanam Suresh. Mon .  
"The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2015.1116649.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1267051.

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@article{osti_1267051,

  title        = {The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing},

  author       = {Sames, William J. and List, III, Frederick Alyious and Pannala, Sreekanth and Dehoff, Ryan R. and Babu, Sudarsanam Suresh},

  abstractNote = {Here, additive Manufacturing (AM), widely known as 3D printing, is a method of manufacturing that forms parts from powder, wire, or sheets in a process that proceeds layer-by-layer.Many techniques (using many different names) have been developed to accomplish this via melting or solid - state joining. In this review, these techniques for producing metal parts are explored, with a focus on the science of metal AM: processing defects, heat transfer, solidification, solid- state precipitation, mechanical properties, and post-processing metallurgy. The various metal AM techniques are compared, with analysis of the strengths and limitations of each. Few alloys have been developed for commercial production, but recent development efforts are presented as a path for the ongoing development of new materials for AM processes.},

  doi          = {10.1080/09506608.2015.1116649},

  journal      = {International Materials Reviews},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 61,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Mar 07 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Mon Mar 07 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

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Real-time monitoring of laser powder bed fusion process using high-speed X-ray imaging and diffraction
journal, June 2017

Zhao, Cang; Fezzaa, Kamel; Cunningham, Ross W.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03761-2

Microfluidics: A New Layer of Control for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing
journal, February 2018

Serex, Ludovic; Bertsch, Arnaud; Renaud, Philippe
Micromachines, Vol. 9, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3390/mi9020086

The impact of powder oxygen content on formability of 12CrNi2 alloy steel fabricated by laser melting deposition
journal, May 2019

Cui, X.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, C. H.
Powder Metallurgy, Vol. 62, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2019.1616367

Effect of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on the Quality of Al Alloy Parts: Powder Characterization, Density, Surface Roughness, and Dimensional Accuracy
journal, November 2018

Maamoun, Ahmed; Xue, Yi; Elbestawi, Mohamed
Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 12
DOI: 10.3390/ma11122343

Rapid fabrication of ion optics by selective laser melting
journal, March 2019

Sangregorio, Miguel; Wang, Ningfei; Xie, Kan
Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1108/rpj-05-2017-0085

Effects of Platform Pre-Heating and Thermal-Treatment Strategies on Properties of AlSi10Mg Alloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting
journal, November 2018

Casati, Riccardo; Hamidi Nasab, Milad; Coduri, Mauro
Metals, Vol. 8, Issue 11
DOI: 10.3390/met8110954

Three-dimensional Printing for Catalytic Applications: Current Status and Perspectives
journal, June 2017

Zhou, Xintong; Liu, Chang-jun
Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 30
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201701134

The role of side-branching in microstructure development in laser powder-bed fusion
journal, February 2020

Pham, Minh-Son; Dovgyy, Bogdan; Hooper, Paul A.
Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14453-3

Metal Additive Manufacturing Cycle in Aerospace Industry: A Comprehensive Review
journal, June 2019

Barroqueiro, B.; Andrade-Campos, A.; Valente, R. A. F.
Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, Vol. 3, Issue 3
DOI: 10.3390/jmmp3030052

On the use of metastable interface equilibrium assumptions on prediction of solidification micro-segregation in laser powder bed fusion
journal, April 2019

Abreu Faria, Guilherme; Kadirvel, Kamalnath; Hinojos, Alejandro
Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Vol. 24, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1080/13621718.2019.1608406

Expectations of Additive Manufacturing for the Decade 2020–2030
book, September 2019

Almeida, Henrique; Vasco, Joel; Almeida, Henrique A.
Progress in Digital and Physical Manufacturing: Proceedings of ProDPM'19, p. 10-19
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29041-2_2

Wear and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of an AlMgSc Alloy Produced by DMLS
journal, March 2019

Tocci, Marialaura; Pola, Annalisa; Girelli, Luca
Metals, Vol. 9, Issue 3
DOI: 10.3390/met9030308

Pore elimination mechanisms during 3D printing of metals
journal, July 2019

Hojjatzadeh, S. Mohammad H.; Parab, Niranjan D.; Yan, Wentao
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10973-9

Spall fracture in additive manufactured tantalum
journal, December 2018

Jones, D. R.; Fensin, S. J.; Ndefru, B. G.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 22
DOI: 10.1063/1.5063930

Effect of Compositional Variation Induced by EBM Processing on Deformation Behavior and Phase Stability of Austenitic Cr-Mn-Ni TRIP Steel
text, January 2020

Günther, Johannes; Lehnert, Robert; Wagner, Ruben
Universität Kassel
DOI: 10.17170/kobra-202005041208

Characterization of mechanical properties and fracture mode of PLA and copper/PLA composite part manufactured by fused deposition modeling
journal, May 2019

Zhang, Xinzhou; Chen, Lan; Mulholland, Tom
SN Applied Sciences, Vol. 1, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0639-5

Fatigue behaviors of laser hybrid welded AA7020 due to defects via synchrotron X‐ray microtomography
journal, June 2019

Wu, Sheng‐Chuan; Hu, Ya‐Nan; Song, Zhe
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, Vol. 42, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1111/ffe.13031

Influence of Si Content on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Additive Manufactured Al-Si Alloys
journal, January 2018

Revilla, Reynier I.; De Graeve, Iris
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1149/2.0101814jes

The Hardness of Additively Manufactured Alloys
journal, October 2018

Zuback, J. S.; DebRoy, T.
Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 11
DOI: 10.3390/ma11112070

Dynamic simulation of powder packing structure for powder bed additive manufacturing
journal, February 2018

Lee, Y. S.; Nandwana, P.; Zhang, W.
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 96, Issue 1-4
DOI: 10.1007/s00170-018-1697-3

Machine Learning-Enabled Competitive Grain Growth Behavior Study in Directed Energy Deposition Fabricated Ti6Al4V
journal, November 2019

Li, Jinghao; Sage, Manuel; Guan, Xiaoyi
JOM, Vol. 72, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-019-03917-7

Pore elimination mechanisms during 3D printing of metals
journal, July 2019

Hojjatzadeh, S. Mohammad H.; Parab, Niranjan D.; Yan, Wentao
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10973-9

The Effect of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al6061 and AlSi10Mg Alloys
journal, December 2018

Maamoun, Ahmed; Xue, Yi; Elbestawi, Mohamed
Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3390/ma12010012

Influence of Postbuild Microstructure on the Electrochemical Behavior of Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel
journal, January 2017

Stoudt, M. R.; Ricker, R. E.; Lass, E. A.
JOM, Vol. 69, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-016-2237-y

The third Sandia fracture challenge: predictions of ductile fracture in additively manufactured metal
journal, July 2019

Kramer, Sharlotte L. B.; Jones, Amanda; Mostafa, Ahmed
International Journal of Fracture, Vol. 218, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1007/s10704-019-00361-1

Contribution of cellulosic fibre filter on atmosphere moisture content in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
journal, September 2019

Das, A.; Muñiz-Lerma, J. A.; Espiritu, E. R. L.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50238-5

Effects of powders and process parameters on density and hardness of A357 aluminum alloy fabricated by selective laser melting
journal, November 2019

Tonelli, Lavinia; Liverani, Erica; Valli, Giuseppe
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 106, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1007/s00170-019-04641-x

Thermocapillary instabilities in a horizontal liquid layer under partial basal slip
journal, September 2018

Kowal, Katarzyna N.; Davis, Stephen H.; Voorhees, Peter W.
Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 855
DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2018.684

Comparison of virgin and reused 15-5 PH stainless steel powders for laser powder bed fusion process
journal, January 2018

Zhang, Jing; Hu, Bin; Zhang, Yi
Progress in Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 3, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1007/s40964-018-0038-2

Single-Track Melt-Pool Measurements and Microstructures in Inconel 625
journal, February 2018

Ghosh, Supriyo; Ma, Li; Levine, Lyle E.
JOM, Vol. 70, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-018-2771-x

Development of Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites (BMGMC) by Additive Manufacturing: Modelling and Simulation – A Review: Part B
journal, June 2019

Rafique, Muhammad Musaddique Ali; Niezgoda, Stephen; Brandt, Milan
Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 1154
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1154.40

Laser‐Based Additive Manufacturing Technologies for Aerospace Applications
journal, September 2019

Tepylo, Nick; Huang, Xiao; Patnaik, Prakash C.
Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1002/adem.201900617

Programmable Mechanical Properties of Two‐Photon Polymerized Materials: From Nanowires to Bulk
journal, June 2019

Bauer, Jens; Guell Izard, Anna; Zhang, Yunfei
Advanced Materials Technologies, Vol. 4, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1002/admt.201900146

The Hardness of Additively Manufactured Alloys
journal, October 2018

Zuback, J. S.; DebRoy, T.
Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 11
DOI: 10.3390/ma11112070

Nozzle flow behavior of aluminum/polycarbonate composites in the material extrusion printing process: Nozzle flow behavior of aluminum/polycarbonate composites in the material extrusion printing process
journal, November 2018

Zhang, Xinzhou; Chen, Lan; Kowalski, Caleb
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 136, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1002/app.47252

Metal Alloys for Fusion-Based Additive Manufacturing
journal, February 2018

Zhang, Duyao; Sun, Shoujin; Qiu, Dong
Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1002/adem.201700952

Additively Manufactured Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering and the Prediction of their Mechanical Behavior: A Review
journal, January 2017

Zhang, Xiang-Yu; Fang, Gang; Zhou, Jie
Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3390/ma10010050

Effect of SLM Build Parameters on the Compressive Properties of 304L Stainless Steel
journal, June 2019

Fashanu, Okanmisope; Buchely, Mario F.; Spratt, Myranda
Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, Vol. 3, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3390/jmmp3020043

Can Appropriate Thermal Post-Treatment Make Defect Content in as-Built Electron Beam Additively Manufactured Alloy 718 Irrelevant?
journal, January 2020

Goel, Sneha; Bourreau, Kévin; Olsson, Jonas
Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 3
DOI: 10.3390/ma13030536

Post-Processing Improvements for Mechanical, Microstructure, and Surface Properties of Steel
journal, February 2020

Lombardi, Mariangela
Metals, Vol. 10, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3390/met10020230

Effect of Surface and Subsurface Defects on Fatigue Behavior of AlSi10Mg Alloy Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)
journal, September 2019

Hamidi Nasab, Milad; Giussani, Alessandro; Gastaldi, Dario
Metals, Vol. 9, Issue 10
DOI: 10.3390/met9101063

Exploiting Process-Related Advantages of Selective Laser Melting for the Production of High-Manganese Steel
journal, January 2017

Haase, Christian; Bültmann, Jan; Hof, Jan
Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3390/ma10010056

State of the Art in Directed Energy Deposition: From Additive Manufacturing to Materials Design
journal, June 2019

Dass, Adrita; Moridi, Atieh
Coatings, Vol. 9, Issue 7
DOI: 10.3390/coatings9070418

Surface deformations in dynamic thermocapillary convection under partial slip.
text, January 2019

Kowal, Katarzyna; Davis, Stephen H.; Voorhees, Peter W.
Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
DOI: 10.17863/cam.45334

In Situ 3D Monitoring of Geometric Signatures in the Powder-Bed-Fusion Additive Manufacturing Process via Vision Sensing Methods
journal, April 2018

Li, Zhongwei; Liu, Xingjian; Wen, Shifeng
Sensors, Vol. 18, Issue 4
DOI: 10.3390/s18041180

Effect of Compositional Variation Induced by EBM Processing on Deformation Behavior and Phase Stability of Austenitic Cr-Mn-Ni TRIP Steel
journal, January 2020

Günther, J.; Lehnert, R.; Wagner, R.
JOM, Vol. 72, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-020-04018-6

Simulation of temperature, stress and microstructure fields during laser deposition of Ti-6Al-4V
text, January 2018

Ghosh, Supriyo; McReynolds, Kevin; Guyer, Jonathan E.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1809.01056

Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of 2219 Aluminum Alloys Additively Fabricated by the Cold Metal Transfer Process
journal, May 2018

Fang, Xuewei; Zhang, Lijuan; Li, Hui
Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 5
DOI: 10.3390/ma11050812

Grain Structure Control of Additively Manufactured Metallic Materials
journal, November 2017

Yan, Fuyao; Xiong, Wei; Faierson, Eric
Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 11
DOI: 10.3390/ma10111260

Influence of Process Parameters and Deposition Strategy on Laser Metal Deposition of 316L Powder
journal, October 2019

Mazzucato, Federico; Aversa, Alberta; Doglione, Roberto
Metals, Vol. 9, Issue 11
DOI: 10.3390/met9111160

Anisotropic Mechanical Behavior of AlSi10Mg Parts Produced by Selective Laser Melting
journal, January 2017

Tang, Ming; Pistorius, Petrus Christiaan
JOM, Vol. 69, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-016-2230-5

Mechanical characterisation of stainless steel parts produced by direct metal laser sintering with virgin and reused powder
journal, November 2019

Contaldi, V.; Del Re, F.; Palumbo, B.
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 105, Issue 7-8
DOI: 10.1007/s00170-019-04416-4

The Influence of Annealing Temperature and Time on the Formation of δ-Phase in Additively-Manufactured Inconel 625
journal, May 2018

Stoudt, M. R.; Lass, E. A.; Ng, D. S.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 49, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-018-4643-y

Sensor-Based Build Condition Monitoring in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Process Using a Spectral Graph Theoretic Approach
journal, June 2018

Montazeri, Mohammad; Rao, Prahalada
Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 140, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1115/1.4040264

Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Materials: A Review
journal, May 2017

Zhang, Yi; Wu, Linmin; Guo, Xingye
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 27, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/s11665-017-2747-y

Additive Techniques to Refurbish Ni Based Components
journal, January 2019

Cardozo, Eloisa Pereira; Pardal, Gonçalo Rodrigues; Ríos, Sergio
Soldagem & Inspeção, Vol. 24
DOI: 10.1590/0104-9224/si24.03

Preparation and properties of copper matrix composite reinforced with SLM Fe alloy lattice
journal, February 2019

Xu, Huiyan; Li, Zhenhua; Teng, Baoren
Materials Research Express, Vol. 6, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ab0433

Additive manufacturing of titanium alloys in the biomedical field: processes, properties and applications
journal, August 2017

Trevisan, Francesco; Calignano, Flaviana; Aversa, Alberta
Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 2
DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000371

An Overview of Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Components by Directed Energy Deposition: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
journal, August 2017

Saboori, Abdollah; Gallo, Donato; Biamino, Sara
Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 9
DOI: 10.3390/app7090883

Process defects and in situ monitoring methods in metal powder bed fusion: a review
journal, February 2017

Grasso, Marco; Colosimo, Bianca Maria
Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 28, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6501/aa5c4f

Spark Plasma Sintering of Graded Dissimilar Metals
journal, April 2019

Naveen Kumar, N.; Janaki Ram, G. D.; Bhattacharya, S. S.
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, Vol. 72, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1007/s12666-019-01662-8

Optimal Design for Metal Additive Manufacturing: An Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) Approach
journal, January 2020

Motaman, S. Amir H.; Kies, Fabian; Köhnen, Patrick
JOM, Vol. 72, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-020-04028-4

A Combinatorial Approach for Assessing the Magnetic Properties of High Entropy Alloys: Role of Cr in AlCo _x Cr _{1- x} FeNi : A Combinatorial Approach for Assessing the Magnetic…
journal, May 2017

Borkar, Tushar; Chaudhary, Varun; Gwalani, Bharat
Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1002/adem.201700048

Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys by Electron Beam Melting: A Review
journal, December 2017

Zhang, Lai-Chang; Liu, Yujing; Li, Shujun
Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1002/adem.201700842

Real-time monitoring of laser powder bed fusion process using high-speed X-ray imaging and diffraction
journal, June 2017

Zhao, Cang; Fezzaa, Kamel; Cunningham, Ross W.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03761-2

Microstructural Investigations in Metals Using Atom Probe Tomography with a Novel Specimen-Electrode Geometry
journal, July 2018

Larson, David J.; Ulfig, Robert M.; Lenz, Dan R.
JOM, Vol. 70, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-018-2982-1

Structural Properties of EB-Welded AlSi10Mg Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels Produced by AM-SLM Technology
journal, September 2017

Nahmany, Moshe; Stern, Adin; Aghion, Eli
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 26, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1007/s11665-017-2953-7

Effects of Recycled Powder on Solidification Defects, Microstructure, and Corrosion Properties of DMLS Fabricated AlSi10Mg
journal, June 2019

Rafieazad, M.; Chatterjee, A.; Nasiri, A. M.
JOM, Vol. 71, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-019-03552-2

Development of Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites (BMGMC) by Additive Manufacturing: Modelling and Simulation – A Review: Part A
journal, June 2019

Rafique, Muhammad Musaddique Ali; Niezgoda, Stephen; Brandt, Milan
Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 1154
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1154.1

Mesoscale design of heterogeneous material systems in multi-material additive manufacturing
journal, August 2017

Garcia, David; Jones, Mackenzie E.; Zhu, Yunhui
Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 33, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2017.328

Five-Axis Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing for Nuclear Component Manufacture
journal, December 2016

Hehr, Adam; Wenning, Justin; Terrani, Kurt
JOM, Vol. 69, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-016-2205-6

Predictive modeling of solidification during laser additive manufacturing of nickel superalloys: recent developments, future directions
journal, January 2018

Ghosh, Supriyo
Materials Research Express, Vol. 5, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/aaa04c

Effects of Surface Finishing Procedures on Corrosion Behavior of DMLS-AlSi10Mg_200C Alloy Versus Die-Cast A360.1 Aluminum
journal, January 2019

Fathi, P.; Mohammadi, M.; Duan, X.
JOM, Vol. 71, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-019-03344-8

Layerwise Anomaly Detection in Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Metal Additive Manufacturing
journal, January 2019

Mahmoudi, Mohamad; Ezzat, Ahmed Aziz; Elwany, Alaa
Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 141, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1115/1.4042108

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Title: The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing

Abstract

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Effect of Processing on Microstructure and Physical Properties of Three Nickel-Based Superalloys with Different Hardening Mechanisms journal, April 2012

Carbide formation in alloy 718 during electron-beam solid freeform fabrication journal, August 2002

Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: materials, processes and mechanisms journal, May 2012

Thermal Modeling of Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing Process: Powder Sintering Effects conference, July 2013

Investigations on residual stresses and deformations in selective laser melting journal, November 2009

Rapid Manufacturing and Rapid Tooling with Layer Manufacturing (lm) Technologies, State of the art and Future Perspectives journal, January 2003

Fatigue performance evaluation of selective laser melted Ti–6Al–4V journal, March 2014

Residual stresses in components formed by the laserengineered net shaping (LENS®) process journal, August 2003

Implementation of a thermomechanical model for the simulation of selective laser melting journal, April 2014

Vacuum heat treatment of iron parts produced by selective laser melting: Microstructure, residual stress and tensile behavior journal, February 2014

Effect of the quality of filler wire on the formation of pores in welding of titanium alloys journal, December 2008

Properties of Inconel 625 mesh structures grown by electron beam additive manufacturing journal, October 2014

Sheet steel lamination for rapid manufacturing journal, May 1999

The future of dental devices is digital journal, January 2012

Computation of Effective Thermal Conductivity of Powders for Selective Laser Sintering Simulations journal, May 2016

Electron Beam Melting of High Niobium Containing TiAl Alloy: Feasibility Investigation journal, August 2012

A review of laser fabrication of metallic engineering components and of materials journal, June 2007

Influence of Ni content on microstructure of W–Ni alloy produced by selective laser melting journal, July 2014

Strong morphological and crystallographic texture and resulting yield strength anisotropy in selective laser melted tantalum journal, July 2013

Phase-field modeling of binary alloy solidification with coupled heat and solute diffusion journal, May 2004

Cross-Sectional Mapping of Residual Stresses by Measuring the Surface Contour After a Cut journal, November 2000

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel β titanium metallic composite by selective laser melting journal, April 2014

Build direction dependence of microstructure and high-temperature tensile property of Co–Cr–Mo alloy fabricated by electron beam melting journal, February 2014

3D Printing of Free Standing Liquid Metal Microstructures
journal, July 2013

Characterization of interfacial microstructures in 3003 aluminum alloy blocks fabricated by ultrasonic additive manufacturing
journal, August 2010

Microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel based superalloy IN718 produced by rapid prototyping with electron beam melting (EBM)
journal, May 2011

Melt pool dynamics during selective electron beam melting
journal, August 2013

Research on micro-electric resistance slip welding of copper electrode during the fabrication of 3D metal micro-mold
journal, December 2013

Combinatorial synthesis of alloy libraries with a progressive composition gradient using laser engineered net shaping (LENS): Hydrogen storage alloys
journal, September 2013

Modified T-T-T Behavior of IN625® Cold Sprayed Coatings
conference, January 2014

The mechanical and microstructural characteristics of laser-deposited IN718
journal, December 2005

Numerical analysis of the weldability of superalloys
journal, February 2001

An Experimental Investigation into Additive Manufacturing-Induced Residual Stresses in 316L Stainless Steel
journal, September 2014

Combining wire and coaxial powder feeding in laser direct metal deposition for rapid prototyping
journal, April 2006

Adaptive control of deposited height in GMAW-based layer additive manufacturing
journal, April 2014

The influence of the laser scan strategy on grain structure and cracking behaviour in SLM powder-bed fabricated nickel superalloy
journal, December 2014

A Low-Cost Open-Source Metal 3-D Printer
journal, January 2013

The effect of laser power and traverse speed on microstructure, porosity, and build height in laser-deposited Ti-6Al-4V
journal, July 2000

The place of direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) in dentistry and the importance of annealing
journal, July 2015

Characterization and comparison of materials produced by Electron Beam Melting (EBM) of two different Ti–6Al–4V powder fractions
journal, December 2013

Heat transfer and material flow during laser assisted multi-layer additive manufacturing
journal, September 2014

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of gas–powder flow from radially symmetrical nozzles in laser-based direct metal deposition
journal, January 2007

A comparison of the tensile, fatigue, and fracture behavior of Ti–6Al–4V and 15-5 PH stainless steel parts made by selective laser melting
journal, June 2013

Correlation between solidification parameters and weld microstructures
journal, January 1989

Morphology, microstructure, and hardness of titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) blocks deposited by wire-feed additive layer manufacturing (ALM)
journal, January 2012

Single-crystal laser deposition of superalloys: processing–microstructure maps
journal, April 2001

Solution Heat Treatment of the Single Crystal Nickel-Base Superalloy CMSX-4 Fabricated by Selective Electron Beam Melting: Solution Heat Treatment of the Single Crystal Nickel-Base Superalloy CMSX-4
journal, April 2015

Studies of Standard Heat Treatment Effects on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Net Shape Manufactured INCONEL 718
journal, August 2009

Selective Laser Melting of thin wall parts using pulse shaping
journal, January 2010

Recent developments in metal laminated tooling by multiple laser processing
journal, March 2003

Recent development in CNC machining of freeform surfaces: A state-of-the-art review
journal, July 2010

An integrated cost‐model for selective laser melting (SLM)
journal, April 2013

The microstructure and mechanical properties of deposited-IN718 by selective laser melting
journal, February 2012

The importance of carbon fiber to polymer additive manufacturing
journal, September 2014

Lasers and materials in selective laser sintering
journal, December 2003

Experiment study of powder flow feed behavior of laser solid forming
journal, March 2012

As-Fabricated and Heat-Treated Microstructures of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting
journal, May 2011

Building Research Equipment with Free, Open-Source Hardware
journal, September 2012

Economics of additive manufacturing for end-usable metal parts
journal, February 2012

Additive Manufacturing Technologies
book, January 2010

Mesoscopic simulation of selective beam melting processes
journal, June 2011

The Origin of Microstructural Diversity, Texture, and Mechanical Properties in Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V
journal, August 2010

Fabrication of barium titanate by binder jetting additive manufacturing technology
journal, June 2015

Metal Fabrication by Additive Manufacturing Using Laser and Electron Beam Melting Technologies
journal, January 2012

Laminated object manufacturing for rapid tooling and patternmaking in foundry industry
journal, June 1999

The helix scan strategy applied to the selective laser melting
journal, January 2012

Computer simulation of phase transformation and plastic deformation in IN718 superalloy: Microstructural evolution during precipitation
journal, February 2014

A novel technique to produce metallic microdrops for additive manufacturing
journal, October 2013

Investigation into the effect of process parameters on microstructural and physical properties of 316L stainless steel parts by selective laser melting
journal, September 2014

Selective laser melting of iron-based powder
journal, June 2004

Use of ultrasonic consolidation for fabrication of multi‐material structures
journal, August 2007

Residual stresses in selective laser sintering and selective laser melting
journal, October 2006

Effect of build geometry on the β-grain structure and texture in additive manufacture of Ti6Al4V by selective electron beam melting
journal, October 2013

Study of the key technologies of LOM for functional metal parts
journal, July 2004

A study of the microstructural evolution during selective laser melting of Ti–6Al–4V
journal, May 2010

Computational modeling of residual stress formation during the electron beam melting process for Inconel 718
journal, July 2015

Additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 by selective electron beam melting: Processing window and microstructure
journal, August 2014

Effect of Processing on Microstructure and Physical Properties of Three Nickel-Based Superalloys with Different Hardening Mechanisms
journal, April 2012

Carbide formation in alloy 718 during electron-beam solid freeform fabrication
journal, August 2002

Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: materials, processes and mechanisms
journal, May 2012

Thermal Modeling of Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing Process: Powder Sintering Effects
conference, July 2013

Investigations on residual stresses and deformations in selective laser melting
journal, November 2009

Rapid Manufacturing and Rapid Tooling with Layer Manufacturing (lm) Technologies, State of the art and Future Perspectives
journal, January 2003

Fatigue performance evaluation of selective laser melted Ti–6Al–4V
journal, March 2014

Residual stresses in components formed by the laserengineered net shaping (LENS®) process
journal, August 2003

Implementation of a thermomechanical model for the simulation of selective laser melting
journal, April 2014

Vacuum heat treatment of iron parts produced by selective laser melting: Microstructure, residual stress and tensile behavior
journal, February 2014

Effect of the quality of filler wire on the formation of pores in welding of titanium alloys
journal, December 2008

Properties of Inconel 625 mesh structures grown by electron beam additive manufacturing
journal, October 2014

Sheet steel lamination for rapid manufacturing
journal, May 1999

The future of dental devices is digital
journal, January 2012

Computation of Effective Thermal Conductivity of Powders for Selective Laser Sintering Simulations
journal, May 2016

Electron Beam Melting of High Niobium Containing TiAl Alloy: Feasibility Investigation
journal, August 2012

A review of laser fabrication of metallic engineering components and of materials
journal, June 2007

Influence of Ni content on microstructure of W–Ni alloy produced by selective laser melting
journal, July 2014

Strong morphological and crystallographic texture and resulting yield strength anisotropy in selective laser melted tantalum
journal, July 2013

Phase-field modeling of binary alloy solidification with coupled heat and solute diffusion
journal, May 2004

Cross-Sectional Mapping of Residual Stresses by Measuring the Surface Contour After a Cut
journal, November 2000

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel β titanium metallic composite by selective laser melting
journal, April 2014

Build direction dependence of microstructure and high-temperature tensile property of Co–Cr–Mo alloy fabricated by electron beam melting
journal, February 2014

Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing – A Hybrid Production Process for Novel Functional Products
journal, January 2013

Quantitative Evaluation of Bulk and Interface Microstructures in Al-3003 Alloy Builds Made by Very High Power Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing
journal, September 2011

Pyrometric analysis of thermal processes in SLM technology
journal, January 2010